Topsoil, organic matter and coarse sand in equal parts, or a compost-rich alternative, for filling raised beds.
What You’ll Need
Topsoil: equal parts
Organic matter (well-rotted manure, compost, or peat): equal parts
Coarse sand: equal parts
Alternative mix: ~70% topsoil and ~30% compost
Directions
Clear off any grass sod and loosen the existing soil with a rototiller or spade.
Spread a few inches of the soil mix over the top and work it into the soil underneath.
Keep adding mix and working it in until the bed is full; blending it in prevents layers that block water and roots.
Level the surface so the soil slopes slightly from the center down toward the edges and away from buildings.
Spread mulch around the plants to hold in moisture and hold back weeds.
Notes
Make sure topsoil is free of soil-borne plant disease and contaminants such as lead or pesticides, and that compost is mature and not too salty.Safety: Wear gloves with manure and compost and wash hands after (especially before eating). Use only well-rotted manure around food crops. Have soil tested for lead if it's from an unknown source.